488 research outputs found
The Feasibility of a Cooperatively Owned Large-Scale Hog Farrowing System in North Dakota
Interest in the feasibility of a cooperatively owned large-scale hog farrowing system has been shown by hog producers in North Dakota. The producers realize the problems in securing a continuous supply of disease free feeder pigs of uniform quality during fluctuating price periods. Lack of published data concerning large-scale farrowing systems makes decisions regarding the feasibility and negotiation with lending institutions difficult. The research for this report was conducted under North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station Projects 1350 and 3337. The research was supported in part by grants from the Business and Industrial Development Department and the Economic Development Administration (Grant Project Number 05-6-01402). Special assistance in conducting the study and preparing the report was provided through the Research and Extension Rural Development Project at North Dakota State University.Agribusiness, Production Economics,
Criminal Law and Procedure
This Article surveys recent developments in criminal procedure and law in Virginia. Because of space limitations, the authors have limited their discussion to the most significant published appellate decisions and legislation
Criminal Law and Procedure
This Article surveys recent developments in criminal procedure and law in Virginia. Because of space limitations, the authors have limited their discussion to the most significant published appellate decisions and legislation
Alkali metal for ultraviolet band-pass filter
An alkali metal filter having a layer of metallic bismuth deposited onto the alkali metal is provided. The metallic bismuth acts to stabilize the surface of the alkali metal to prevent substantial surface migration from occurring on the alkali metal, which may degrade optical characteristics of the filter. To this end, a layer of metallic bismuth is deposited by vapor deposition over the alkali metal to a depth of approximately 5 to 10 A. A complete alkali metal filter is described along with a method for fabricating the alkali metal filter
Three-dimensional Structure of Victorivirus HvV190S Suggests Coat Proteins in Most Totiviruses Share a Conserved Core
Double-stranded (ds)RNA fungal viruses are currently assigned to six different families. Those from the family Totiviridae are characterized by nonsegmented genomes and single-layer capsids, 300–450 Å in diameter. Helminthosporium victoriae virus 190S (HvV190S), prototype of recently recognized genus Victorivirus, infects the filamentous fungus Helminthosporium victoriae (telomorph: Cochliobolus victoriae), which is the causal agent of Victoria blight of oats. The HvV190S genome is 5179 bp long and encompasses two large, slightly overlapping open reading frames that encode the coat protein (CP, 772 aa) and the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp, 835 aa). To our present knowledge, victoriviruses uniquely express their RdRps via a coupled termination–reinitiation mechanism that differs from the well-characterized Saccharomyces cerevisiae virus L-A (ScV-L-A, prototype of genus Totivirus), in which the RdRp is expressed as a CP/RdRp fusion protein due to ribosomal frameshifting. Here, we used transmission electron cryomicroscopy and three-dimensional image reconstruction to determine the structures of HvV190S virions and two types of virus-like particles (capsids lacking dsRNA and capsids lacking both dsRNA and RdRp) at estimated resolutions of 7.1, 7.5, and 7.6 Å, respectively. The HvV190S capsid is thin and smooth, and contains 120 copies of CP arranged in a “T = 2” icosahedral lattice characteristic of ScV-L-A and other dsRNA viruses. For aid in our interpretations, we developed and used an iterative segmentation procedure to define the boundaries of the two, chemically identical CP subunits in each asymmetric unit. Both subunits have a similar fold, but one that differs from ScV-L-A in many details except for a core α-helical region that is further predicted to be conserved among many other totiviruses. In particular, we predict the structures of other victoriviruses to be highly similar to HvV190S and the structures of most if not all totiviruses including, Leishmania RNA virus 1, to be similar as well
Criminal Law and Procedure
This Article surveys recent developments in criminal procedure and law in Virginia. Because of space limitations, the authors have limited their discussion to the most significant published appellate decisions and legislation
A Pseudo-Two-Dimensional (P2D) Model for FeS2 Conversion Cathode Batteries
Conversion cathode materials are gaining interest for secondary batteries due
to their high theoretical energy and power density. However, practical
application as a secondary battery material is currently limited by practical
issues such as poor cyclability. To better understand these materials, we have
developed a pseudo-two-dimensional model for conversion cathodes. We apply this
model to FeS2 - a material that undergoes intercalation followed by conversion
during discharge. The model is derived from the half-cell Doyle-Fuller-Newman
model with additional loss terms added to reflect the converted shell
resistance as the reaction progresses. We also account for polydisperse active
material particles by incorporating a variable active surface area and
effective particle radius. Using the model, we show that the leading loss
mechanisms for FeS2 are associated with solid-state diffusion and electrical
transport limitations through the converted shell material. The polydisperse
simulations are also compared to a monodisperse system, and we show that
polydispersity has very little effect on the intercalation behavior yet leads
to capacity loss during the conversion reaction. We provide the code as an
open-source Python Battery Mathematical Modelling (PyBaMM) model that can be
used to identify performance limitations for other conversion cathode
materials
Quantitative Three-Dimensional Tissue Cytometry to Study Kidney Tissue and Resident Immune Cells
Analysis of the immune system in the kidney relies predominantly on flow cytometry. Although powerful, the process of tissue homogenization necessary for flow cytometry analysis introduces bias and results in the loss of morphologic landmarks needed to determine the spatial distribution of immune cells. An ideal approach would support three-dimensional (3D) tissue cytometry: an automated quantitation of immune cells and associated spatial parameters in 3D image volumes collected from intact kidney tissue. However, widespread application of this approach is limited by the lack of accessible software tools for digital analysis of large 3D microscopy data. Here, we describe Volumetric Tissue Exploration and Analysis (VTEA) image analysis software designed for efficient exploration and quantitative analysis of large, complex 3D microscopy datasets. In analyses of images collected from fixed kidney tissue, VTEA replicated the results of flow cytometry while providing detailed analysis of the spatial distribution of immune cells in different regions of the kidney and in relation to specific renal structures. Unbiased exploration with VTEA enabled us to discover a population of tubular epithelial cells that expresses CD11C, a marker typically expressed on dendritic cells. Finally, we show the use of VTEA for large-scale quantitation of immune cells in entire human kidney biopsies. In summary, we show that VTEA is a simple and effective tool that supports unique digital interrogation and analysis of kidney tissue from animal models or biobanked human kidney biopsies. We have made VTEA freely available to interested investigators via electronic download
Large-scale 3-dimensional quantitative imaging of tissues: state-of-the-art and translational implications
Recent developments in automated optical sectioning microscope systems have enabled researchers to conduct high resolution, three-dimensional (3D) microscopy at the scale of millimeters in various types of tissues. This powerful technology allows the exploration of tissues at an unprecedented level of detail, while preserving the spatial context. By doing so, such technology will also enable researchers to explore cellular and molecular signatures within tissue and correlate with disease course. This will allow an improved understanding of pathophysiology and facilitate a precision medicine approach to assess the response to treatment. The ability to perform large-scale imaging in 3D cannot be realized without the widespread availability of accessible quantitative analysis. In this review, we will outline recent advances in large-scale 3D imaging and discuss the available methodologies to perform meaningful analysis and potential applications in translational research
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